GRANT BALLARD Oikonos email: grant 'at' oikonos 'dot' org EDUCATION PhD, University of Auckland, NZ. Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. 2010. BA, Cornell University, Ithaca NY. Writing. 1989. Intern, Point Reyes Bird Observatory (PRBO) terrestrial program, May-Aug 1991. Intern, PRBO marine (Farallon Islands) program, Oct-Dec 1991. Research assistant, Alaska Bird Observatory, Fairbanks, AK. Aug - Oct 1991. Intern, PRBO population ecology program Jan 1991 - May 1992. APPOINTMENTS Mar 2007 - Informatics Division Director and Antarctic Program Leader, PRBO Conservation Science (Point Reyes Bird Observatory) Jan 2002 - co-founder and board member, Oikonos, ecosystem knowledge. 1994 - 2006. Senior Biologist, Data Manager, and analyst, PRBO Conservation Science. 1996 - 2002. Senior Biologist, H.T. Harvey and Associates (Adélie Penguin Project), San Jose, CA and Antarctica. 1996 - 2001. Co-leader, Wildlife Processing Group, under contract with CA Dept. of Fish and Game Oil Spill Prevention and Response team. 1992 - 1997. Field Supervisor, Upper Sacramento River project, PRBO. CURRENT AND RECENT PROJECTS 2007-2009: (co-PI) Antarctic Penguins, Teaching the Science of Climate Change: A Celebration of IPY - funded by National Science Foundation. more info 2006-2010: (co-PI) Multi-scaled data in ecology: Scale dependent patterns in the environment - funded by National Science Foundation. more info 2002-2010: (co-PI) Geographic structure of Adélie Penguin populations: demography of population expansion - funded by National Science Foundation. more info 2002-2006: (co-PI) Songbird population responses to riparian management and restoration at multiple scales: comparative analysis, predictive modeling, and the evaluation of monitoring programs - funded by the Calfed Bay-delta program. 2001 - 2004: Adaptive Conservation for Birds in California and the West - funded by the Packard foundation. more info 1996 - 2002: (co-PI) Eastern Sierra Riparian Songbird Conservation Project - funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the USDA Forest Service, US Bureau of Land Management and others. more info PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS Ainley, D. G., P. R. Wilson, K. R. Barton, G. Ballard, N. Nur & B. J. Karl. 1998. Diet and foraging effort of Adélie penguins in relation to pack-ice conditions in the southern Ross Sea. Polar Biology 20:311-319. Ainley, D. G., G. Ballard, K. J. Barton, B. J. Karl, G. H. Rau, C. A. Ribic & P. R. Wilson. 2003. Spatial and temporal variation of diet within a presumed metapopulation of Adélie penguins. Condor 105:95-106. Ainley, D. G., G. Ballard, S. D. Emslie, W. R. Fraser, P. R. Wilson, & E. J. Woehler. 2003. Adélie Penguins and Environmental Change. Science (letter) 300:429. Ainley, D. G., C. A. Ribic, G. Ballard, S. Heath, I. Gaffney, B. J. Karl, K. R. Barton, P. R. Wilson, & S. Webb. 2004. Geographic structure of Adélie penguin populations: size, overlap and use of adjacent colony-specific foraging areas. Ecological Monographs: 74:159-178. Ainley, D. G., G. Ballard, B. J. Karl, K. M. Dugger. 2005. Leopard Seal predation rates at penguin colonies of different size. Antarctic Science 17:323-328. Ainley, D. G., G. Ballard, and K. M. Dugger. 2006. Competition among penguins and cetaceans reveals trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica. Ecology 87:2080–2093. Ainley D. G., G. Ballard, S. Ackley, L. K. Blight, J. T. Eastman, S. D. Emslie, A. Lescroël, S. Olmastroni, S. E. Townsend, C. T. Tynan, P. Wilson, E. Woehler. 2007. Paradigm lost, or is top-down forcing no longer significant in the Antarctic marine ecosystem? Antarctic Science 19(3):283–290. Ainley D. G., G. Ballard, L. K. Blight, S. Ackley, S. D. Emslie, A. Lescroël, S. Olmastroni, S. E. Townsend, C. T. Tynan, P. Wilson, E. Woehler. 2009. Impacts of cetaceans on the structure of southern ocean food webs. Marine Mammal Science. Ainley D. G., G. Ballard, S. Olmastroni. 2009. An Apparent Decrease in the Prevalence of “Ross Sea Killer Whales” in the Southern Ross Sea. Aquatic Mammals 35:335-347. Ballance, L.T., D.G. Ainley, G. Ballard, K. Barton. 2009. An energetic correlate between colony size and foraging effort in seabirds, an example of the Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae. Journal of Avian Biology 40:279-288. Ballard, G., K.M. Dugger, N. Nur, D.G. Ainley. 2010. Foraging strategies of Adélie penguins: adjusting body condition to cope with environmental variability. Marine Ecology Progress Series 405: 287–302. Ballard, G., V. Toniolo, D.G. Ainley, C.L. Parkinson, K.R. Arrigo, P.N. Trathan. 2010. Responding to climate change: Adélie penguins confront astronomical and ocean boundaries. Ecology 91(7):2056-2069. Ballard, G. & G. R. Geupel. 1993. Winter Bird Population Study: Disturbed Coastal Scrub B. Journal of Field Ornithology 64, Supplement:24-25. Ballard, G., D. G. Ainley, C. A. Ribic & K. R. Barton. 2001. Effect of instrument attachment and other factors on foraging trip duration and nesting success of Adélie Penguins. Condor 103:481-490. Ballard, G., G. R. Geupel, N. Nur, & T. Gardali. 2003. Long-term declines and decadal patterns in population trends of songbirds in western North America. Condor 105:737-755. Ballard, G., G. R. Geupel, & N. Nur. 2004. The influence of mist-netting intensity on investigations of avian populations. In Ralph, C. J., and E. H. Dunn (editors). The use of mist nets in population monitoring. Studies in Avian Biology 29: 21-27. Ballard, G. and D. G. Ainley. 2005. Killer Whale Harassment of Adélie Penguins at Ross Island. Antarctic Science 17(3):385-386 Chase, M. K., G. Ballard, T. Gardali, G. R. Geupel, A. L. Holmes, and N. Nur. 2005. Two decades of change in a coastal scrub community: songbird responses to plant succession. In Ralph, C.J. and Terrell D. Rich (editors). Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference 2002. Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dugger, K.M., G. Ballard, D.G. Ainley, and K.J. Barton. 2006. Flipper-band effects on the foraging behavior and survival of Adélie Penguins. Auk 123: 858-869. Dugger, K.M., D.G. Ainley, P.O'B. Lyver, K. Barton and G. Ballard. 2010. Survival differences and the effect of environmental instability on breeding dispersal in an Adélie penguin meta-population. PNAS. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1000623107. Gardali, T. & G. Ballard. 2000. Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus), In The Birds of North America (A. Poole & F. Gill, eds.), No. 551. The Birds of North America, Inc. Philadelphia, PA. Gardali, T., G. Ballard, N. Nur & G. R. Geupel. 2000. Demography of a declining population of Warbling Vireos in Coastal California. Condor 102:601-609. Geupel, G. R. & G. Ballard. 2002. Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata), In The Birds of North America (A. Poole & F. Gill, eds.), No. 654. The Birds of North America, Inc. Philadelphia, PA. Heath, S. K. and G. Ballard. 2003. Bird species composition, phenology, nesting substrate, and productivity for the Owens Valley alluvial fan, Eastern Sierra Nevada, California 1998-2002. Great Basin Birds 6:18-35. Heath, S. K. and G. Ballard. 2003. Patterns of breeding songbird diversity and occurrence in riparian habitats of the Eastern Sierra Nevada. In Faber, P.M. (ed.), California Riparian Systems: Processes and Floodplain Management, Ecology, and Restoration. 2001 Riparian Habitat and Floodplains Conference Proceedings, Riparian Habitat Joint Venture, Sacramento, CA. Iliff, M., L. Salas, E. Ruelas Inzunza, G. Ballard, D. Lepage, and S. Kelling. 2009. The Avian Knowledge Network: A Partnership to Organize, Analyze, and Visualize Bird Observation Data for Education, Conservation, Research, and Land Management. In Rich, T.D., D. Demarest and C. Thompson [eds.]. Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats, and People. Proceedings of the 4th International Partners In Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008. McAllen, TX. Partners In Flight. Kelling, S., W.M. Hochachka, D. Fink, M. Riedewald, R. Caruana, G. Ballard, G. Hooker. 2009. Data Intensive Science: A New Paradigm for Biodiversity Studies. Bioscience 59:613-620. Latif, Q. S., J. L. Grenier, S. K. Heath, G. Ballard & M. E. Hauber. 2006. First evidence of conspecific brood parasitism and egg ejection in song sparrows, with comments on methods sufficient to document these behaviors. Condor 108:453-459. Lauriano, G., M. Vacchi, D. G. Ainley, & G. Ballard. 2007. Observations of top predators foraging on fish in the pack ice of the southern Ross Sea. Antarctic Science 19:439-440. Lescroël, A., G. Ballard, V. Toniolo, K. J. Barton, P. R. Wilson, P.O'B. Lyver, & D.G. Ainley. 2010. Working less to gain more: when breeding quality relates to foraging efficiency. Ecology 91(7):2044-2055. Lescroël, A., K.M. Dugger, G. Ballard, D.G. Ainley. 2009. Effects of individual quality, reproductive success, and environmental variability on survival of a long-lived seabird. Journal of Animal Ecology 78:798-806. Luther, D., J. Hilty, J. Weiss, C. Cornwall, M. Wipf, & G. Ballard. 2008. Assessing the impact of local habitat variables and landscape context on riparian birds in agricultural, urbanized, and native landscapes. Biodiversity Conservation. DOI 10.1007/s10531-008-9332-5. Lyver, P. O’B., C.J. MacLeod, G. Ballard, B.J. Karl, J. Barton, J. Adams, D.G. Ainley & P.R. Wilson. 2010. Intra-seasonal variation in foraging behavior among Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) breeding at Cape Hallett, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Polar Biology DOI 10.1007/s00300-010-0858-0. MacMynowski, D.P., T.L. Root, G. Ballard, & G.R. Geupel. 2007. Changes in spring arrival of Nearctic-Neotropical migrants attributed to multiscalar climate. Global Change Biology 13:1-13. Kooyman, G.L., D. G. Ainley, G. Ballard, & P. J. Ponganis. 2007. Effects of giant icebergs on two emperor penguin colonies in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Antarctic Science 19: 31–38. Nur, N., G. Ballard, & G.R. Geupel. 2008. Regional analysis of riparian bird species response to vegetation and local habitat features. Wilson Journal of Ornithology: 120: 840 - 855. Nur, N., G. R. Geupel & G. Ballard. 2000. The use of constant-effort mist-netting to monitor demographic processes in passerines: Annual variation in survival, productivity, and floaters. In Strategies for Bird conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process; Proceedings of 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop; 1995 October 1-5; Cape May, NJ; (R. Bonney, D. N. Pashley, R. J. Cooper, and L. Niles, eds.). Proceedings RMRS-P-16.Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service Rocky Mtn. Research Station, pp. 185-194. Nur, N., G. R. Geupel & G. Ballard. 2004. Estimates of adult survival, capture probability and recapture probability: evaluating and validating constant effort mist netting. In Ralph, C. J., and E. H. Dunn (editors). The use of mist nets in population monitoring. Studies in Avian Biology 29: 63-70. Shepherd, L.D., C.D. Millar, G. Ballard, D.G. Ainley, P.R. Wilson, G.D. Haynes, C. Baroni, and D.M. Lambert. 2005. Microevolution and mega-icebergs in the Antarctic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102(46):16717-16722. Stephens J., D. Hanni, J.D. Alexander, G. Ballard, G.R. Geupel and B.L. Sullivan. 2009. The Avian Knowledge Alliance: A network of nongovernmental organizations working together on bird conservation. In Rich, T.D., D. Demarest and C. Thompson [eds.]. Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats, and People. Proceedings of the 4th International Partners In Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008. McAllen, TX. Partners In Flight. Sullivan, B. L., S. T. Kelling, C. L. Wood, M. J. Iliff, D. Fink, M. Herzog, D. Moody, and G. Ballard. 2009. Data Exploration through Visualization Tools. In Rich, T.D., D. Demarest and C. Thompson [eds.]. Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats, and People. Proceedings of the 4th International Partners In Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008. McAllen, TX. Partners In Flight. Thomas, L., G. R. Geupel, N. Nur, & G. Ballard. 2004. Optimizing the allocation of count days in a migration monitoring program. In Ralph, C. J., and E. H. Dunn (editors). The use of mist nets in population monitoring. Studies in Avian Biology 29: 97-111. Wilson P. R, D. G. Ainley, N. Nur, S. S. Jacobs, K. R. Barton, G. Ballard & J. C. Comiso. 2001. Adélie Penguin Population Change in the Pacific Sector of Antarctica: Relation to Sea-Ice Extent and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 213: 301-309. OTHER PUBLICATIONS and WEBSITES Ballard, G. 2003. Tools for songbird monitoring. PRBO’s terrestrial program protocols, data structures, field data forms, and computer programs for data management and analysis: www.prbo.org/tools/ Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, CA. Ballard, G., G. R. Geupel, D. Barton, and D. Moody. 2003. California Partners In Flight study areas database: an interactive geographic Interface to California’s landbird monitoring data: cain.nbii.gov/prbo/calpifmap/livemaps/ Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, CA. Ballard, G., M. Herzog, M. Fitzgibbon, D. Moody, D. Jongsomjit, D. Stralberg. 2008. The California Avian Data Center. [web application]. Petaluma, California. www.prbo.org/cadc. Beigel, M., S. Marcus, and G. Ballard. 2004. Exception management for RFID systems. Smart Labels Analyst 36:1-8. SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITIES Leader of Avian Knowledge Alliance 2006 - 2008 Webmaster and editor PRBO.org 1996-2000 Co-leader and Instructor, PRBO biannual professional training seminars "Standardized Methods for Monitoring Landbird Populations" since 1995. Co-author and editor, the California Partners In Flight Bird Conservation Plans Member, California Riparian Habitat Joint Venture technical committee. Certified Banding Trainer, North American Banding Council Editor, California Partners In Flight newsletter - Flight Log, 1995-1999.